The Free University of Berlin
柏林自由大学
柏林自由大学是1948年由因东柏林被苏联占领而被迫退学的大学生与学者在美国的大力支持下建立的。
20世纪70年代的学生运动推动了高校的体制改革，使柏林自由大学规模逐步增大。该校以5万学生之众而成为柏林最大的高校，同时也是德国最大的高校之一。
柏林自由大学国际闻名，拥有625名教授，另外每年有1000多名客座教授来校工作，与150 所外国大学有学术交流。据洪堡基金会报道，柏林自由大学、慕尼黑大学及海德堡大学是对外国学者最富吸引力的三所德国大学。
真实、公平、自由是1948年柏林大学建校时的校训，因而也决定了柏林自由大学的发展历史。该校为42 500名在校学生提供了90个专业，每年有4000名大学生和1000名博士生毕业。她不仅是柏林最大的大学，也是德国最大的学校之一。由于他在教育各个研究领域所取得举世公认的成就，该校对国内外的学生产生了强大的吸引力。根据德国研究协会的排名柏林自由大学在全德所有高校中名列第五。特别是通过国际化的设施和跨学科的合作，该校在人文，社会和自然科学领域取得了优秀的研究成果。
The Free University of Berlin is the largest university in Berlin， Germany.
It was founded in 1948 by students and staff who were relegatedrelegate v.转移， 归入， 提交 because of their political views from Humboldt University of Berlin， formerly the traditional FriedrichWilhelmsUniversittof Berlin， and at that time controlled by the authorities in the Soviet sector. In 1968， it was the center of the leftwing German student movement in parallel to that in Paris and Berkeley. Activists of that time included the SDS and Rudi Dutschke. By the 1980s， it had become the largest German university with 66，000 students. With the democraticdemocratic adj.民主的， 民主主义的， 民主政体的， 平民的 restructuring of the Humboldt University after the German reunification， Freie Universitt Berlin was downsized to about 38，000 students in the 1990s. Its main campus is located in the Dahlem district of the borough SteglitzZehlendorf， although many institutions are scattered throughout the city.
Research at the Free University of Berlin is focused on humanities and social sciences. Prominent former scholars of the university include the philosopher Jacob Taubes， the philologist Peter Szondi， the German Supreme Court judge Jutta Limbach， former German president Roman Herzog and the 2004 German presidential candidatecandidate n.候选人， 投考者 Gesine Schwan. The robot soccer players of the university，s Computer Science department became vice world champions in 1999， 2000 and 2003 and world champions in 2004.
The Free University of Berlin (FU) is the most popular German university among scholarship holders from America.
This conclusion was reached by the GermanAmerican Fulbright Commisson as it took stock of its 10 years of promoting GermanAmerican academic exchanges.
That makes the Free University of Berlin the top host German university with a substantialsubstantial adj.坚固的， 实质的， 真实的， 充实的 margin， followed by the Ludwig Maxmilians University Munich.
The Free University also leads the way as far as the ranking of German students who study in the U.S. with a Fulbright scholarship goes. In this aspect， it，s followed by the Technical University of Berlin at second place.
Even the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation - whose promotion programmes finances research fellowships of scientists from all over the world at German universities - recently published its annual report for the year 2000. The report also concludes that the Free University - in view of the number of exchange scientists who are financially supported at the FU - has once again made it to the top ranking list of German universities. For years the FU， the Ludwig Maxmilians university Munich and the university of Heidelberg have alternatelyalternately adv.交替地， 隔一个地 hogged the top spot in the ranking list of German universities.
The RuprechtKarlsUniversity of Heidelberg
海德堡大学
海德堡大学是德国历史最悠久的一所高等学校。在中欧地区只有布拉格大学和维也纳大学比它建校要早。
罗马帝国时期海德堡一带是当时的边防要塞。但海德堡这一名称直到1196年才出现在史料记载上，那时它是贵族的领地，后来被定为法尔茨选帝侯的都邑。到14世纪，海德堡已成为欧洲文化的一个中心。1386年，法尔茨选帝侯鲁普莱希特以巴黎大学为榜样创办了一所大学，这便是德国境内最古老的大学。同时他还大兴土木，扩建宫殿，使海德堡成为中欧名城。但是在17世纪末，因王位继承问题发生战争，法国军队两度入侵，海德堡几乎被夷为平地。覆巢之下无完卵，海德堡大学也几乎遭到灭顶之灾。
海德堡大学的正式校名是鲁普莱希特卡尔大学，是为了纪念两位与海德堡大学渊源极深的名人。前者鲁普莱希特选帝侯作为600年前海德堡大学的创始人早已名垂校史，后者巴登的卡尔大公于19世纪初，海大的财政濒于崩溃之际，倾力相助，并为大学重金礼聘名师泰斗，使海德堡大学得以重整旗鼓。
几百年来，海德堡大学逐渐发展壮大，因此校舍也星罗棋布于全市各地。巴洛克风格的“海大老楼”建于1712年，由美国人民捐资兴建的“海大新楼”建于1931年，均位于老城。战后新建的校舍则大多分布在内卡河的右岸郊区。海大的图书馆藏书200多万册，其中14世纪的手抄本，堪称珍品。从1912~1914年，为管教酗酒等不守校规的学生，而专门设置了拘留所（亦称学生监狱）。
今天，海德堡大学的研究范围已大大超出传统的神、法、哲、医，尤其在科学方面，发展很快。在海德堡大学的历史上，有七位海德堡人获得过诺贝尔奖金。而1985年建成的海德堡科技园（Heidelberg TeChnology Park），已经发展成好全球首屈一指的生物科技研究中心。
The RuprechtKarlsUniversity of Heidelberg is the oldest university in Germany. It was founded by elector Ruprecht I of Palatinate and opened on October 18， 1386. The next day lectures started. The first professors came from Paris and Prague. Although Martin Luther came to Heidelberg in 1518 the university was not affected by the Reformation for a long time. It was not until 1556 that it was changed into an evangelicevangelic adj.福音的， 福音传道的 university. In the second half of the 16th century Heidelberg became a centre of European science and culture and it could be characterised as a calvinisticCalvinistic adj.(法国宗教改革者)加尔文主义的， 加尔文教派的 university. It，s international flair attracted students and professors from all over Europe. In 1563 the famous Heidelberg catechism was developed. This heyday lasted till 1618， the beginning of the Thirty Years， War. During this war the university was closed several times and in 1622 the very famous Bibliotheca Palatina was carried off to Rome. In 1693 the troops of Ludwig XIV destroyed Heidelberg totally and the university was closed again for several years. In the 18th century Heidelberg suffered from intellectual mediocritymediocrity n.平常， 平庸之才， along with most other universities， but it blossomed again after being reorganised in 1803.
Heidelberg University gained worldwide recognition through persons like Hegel， Schlosser， Jaspers， Weber and Dibelius in the humanitieshumanities 人文学科， Bunsen， Kirchhoff and Helmholtz in natural sciences and Chelius and Ludolf von Krehl in medicine.
