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第15章 Memoir of a Wild Turkey 野火鸡回忆录

By Christin Beach

“Wait for me,please,I can't catch up-I can't fly that far yet!”I'll never forget how alone I felt the day I said those words。I watched my flock fly away and I was left to fend for myself in strange surroundings。This was in the spring of 2008 and to be honest,it was one of the scariest times of my life。Now when I look back,I am grateful for the experience as it has inspired me to write this book and tell you my story。

Normally wild turkeys such as myself,live in fields or wooded areas with their flocks,but as I mentioned earlier I was left behind in what I now know is called a residential area。For the most part,turkeys do not live in residential areas because they are a habitat for human beings,not turkeys。Like most wild animals,my instincts taught me to fear humans for humans are our predators。You see,in the early 1900's wild turkeys were hunted almost to extinction in North America,so you can imagine why it was so frightening to find myself alone in human territory。

I was desperate to find some of my own kind and was so excited when I spotted this different looking creature that walked on four legs。This creature fascinated me and as I followed her,I noticed human beings watching me from inside their home。It occurred to me that these humans were as interested in me as I was in this new creature。I watched this creature enter the home of the humans and then all three stood watching me from their window。It was at this point that I felt compelled to stay in this new place and learn more about the human race and their strange ways。

The creature that I followed was a cat and like a great deal of humans,I find cats to be fascinating creatures。As I traveled throughout the neighborhood,I would spot cats inside homes and would often stare inside windows just to watch them。I think it is safe to say that they were very interested in me as well。Every time I would see a cat outdoors I would run up to greet them and introduce myself。Every cat was different,some were scared and some were friendly。This was also true of humans。

As you probably know,most birds live in flocks and this is where they learn all their skills。I didn't have a flock to teach me many of the important things that I needed to know and because I was studying humans,I began to follow some of their ways。Although humans are perfectly capable of getting from one place to another by walking,a great deal of them use a car to get around。While trying to learn more about cars,I discovered that they could be a very good place to sleep at night?I preferred the cars with roof racks。I learned that some humans did not want me on their cars and those humans would chase me away。I quickly learned where I was welcome and where I was not。

I would often pretend to be busy pecking the ground and doing what turkeys do in order to learn more about humans and their peculiar ways as their conversations with one another revealed a great deal about them。It turns out that a lot of humans did not want me around because I poop wherever I like and they did not want to clean it up,especially from their cars!To this day,I am still not sure whether or not humans poop。Regardless of how many times I looked in their windows,I would never catch them in the act。I would see them eating food,sleeping,talking and spending time with their cats,but never pooping。

In addition to having cats as companions,humans also have another creature they share their homes with,a dog。I have had a few terrifying encounters with dogs,well one dog in particular and it totally caught me off guard。I was busy pecking at the grass when out of nowhere this dog came running at me。I heard humans yelling and I tried as best as I could to get away,but that dog kept coming。I could feel her tugging at my feathers with her teeth and although I tried to fly,I could not seem to get away。Finally,a young boy was able to stop her and get her away from me。This moment was scarier for me than the day I was left behind。I stood in a driveway and couldn't move。It was as if my legs would not work。I wanted to leave that neighborhood and never come back,but then I noticed how the humans were behaving and I realized that I had a lot more to learn。One woman was speaking to me so softly asking if I was all right and the little girl who screamed for help when the dog got loose was sitting near me crying。I gathered my strength and went to a quiet place to recover and reflect。

For the summer months,I would hang out at various homes and got to know the humans around me much better。Like most birds,bedtime for me was at dusk and I found a nice human family that allowed me to sleep on their car。As the humans walked by with their dogs(all on leashes,thank goodness),I could hear some of them wishing me a goodnight。Some would stop to take a picture and others would slow down in their cars to have a look at me。One night when I was fast asleep the human needed his car and I found myself out of a bed in the middle of the night。While turkeys have great vision in the day,our night vision is terrible and I felt very disoriented。I kept walking on the road to be under the street light,but this was dangerous because of the moving cars。A woman came up to me and although I could not recognize her face,I knew her voice。She was one of the ones who always said goodnight。She was trying to get me to follow her but I would not。She went in for help and brought out the little girl who saved me from the dog。Together they herded me to their car and waited until I flew on top and settled back down to sleep。

I began to realize that cars may not be the best place to sleep and the human girl obviously felt the same way,because the next night she encouraged me to sleep in a tree。She was smart,she wore a hat that made her look like a cat thinking that this would entice me to follow her and she was right。She stood by the tree and called softly to me。I stopped and looked up at the tree and kind of got this home sick feeling。I flew up into the tree and wondered if my flock was sleeping in a tree somewhere nearby。For the next three nights,I slept in this tree and this seemed to please the humans。I heard them remarking that this was a much safer place to sleep。

As fall approached and the weather began to get colder,the humans seemed to get a little anxious。They seemed to stay indoors a lot more as apparently they cannot tolerate the cold as much as wild turkeys can。A couple of humans decided that I needed a house to keep warm。They brought home a huge crate that had a floor,three sides and a roof。I would not go in it so they decided to renovate。They put it up on pillars so it was up high,put in a great tree branch for a perch and grass on the bottom。Still I would not go in。This generated a great deal of discussion and speculation。Some humans thought that since turkeys were preyed upon by other animals,they could not put themselves in an enclosed area with only one way of escaping。Others believed that the sides should be removed or the roof taken off。Some could not understand why I still chose to sleep on railings,planter boxes or the occasional car instead of this house that they built。To be truthful,I knew that if I wanted to continue learning about the humans,I would have to be as close to them as possible。

I learned that in the fall,humans celebrate two holidays,one known as Thanksgiving and the other as Halloween。On the Thanksgiving weekend,I disappeared from my usual neighbourhood on the Friday afternoon and did not return until Tuesday morning。This was because of a tip that I got from the girl in the cat hat。I overheard her saying that she was afraid for my safety because it was a custom for most humans to eat turkeys at Thanksgiving。I recalled the fact that my ancestors were almost hunted to extinction and I felt that it was best for me to leave。Upon my return,I could sense the relief in some of the humans that I was safe,they were happy to see me back。Halloween was not as scary for me as Thanksgiving was and I spent a great deal of time pecking at pumpkins。

After Halloween,winter moved in and I think winter is harder on all creatures,even for humans with their warm houses。For wild animals,it is tougher to find food and quite often difficult to keep warm,especially when temperatures dip really low and the wind is howling。Sometimes I wish I did have my flock to help keep me warm and I think the humans felt the same way。I overheard one woman saying to another that they could see me shivering and hopping from one foot to another and they were considering inviting me into their home。Then they would discuss how I was a wild animal and knew what I had to do to survive。I think they were beginning to worry about me like they do their companion cats and dogs。Needless to say,my interactions with cats in the winter were very limited because like their human companions,they do not like being out in the cold。However,I learned a sad fact about cats。It turns out that not all have homes and sadly some roam the streets looking for food and warmth。Just like some humans have been kind to me,some humans are kind to these homeless cats and try to help them。

Thankfully,dogs do not spend as much time out in their yards in the winter either。I took advantage of this fact and bravely flew into the backyard of the dog who chased me earlier this spring。I stayed there for a week straight and learned a great deal。You may think it was reckless to visit this yard with that dog,but I knew it was safe because this is where the girl with the cat hat lived。She shared her home with 6 cats,that crazy dog and 4 other vegetarian humans。I slept out on their deck directly across from their bedroom and they seemed very pleased to have me there。They were as intent on watching me as I was on watching them and this was when the idea of this book was born。

Needless to say,the winter of 2009 was a very tough winter。There was so much snow and too many cold days and nights,with very little sunshine。Even though wild turkeys can walk through snow,I preferred to walk along areas that humans had shoveled。Some even shoveled paths for me。When it was time for bed,I always tried to find a place that was free of snow but that was almost impossible。I always ate the snow around my perch to make it more comfortable。Every morning when I awoke I would stretch before getting my day started。I would stretch both of my wings out to the side and extend one of my legs to the back,balancing on one foot。I would then repeat this on the other side。It helped get my blood pumping to warm me up。Oddly enough,I caught one of the humans doing the same thing in her house。Apparently some humans practice something called yoga and they do a similar stretch called Verabradsana。Personally I think the pose should be called“graceful turkey at dawn。”and you would think so too if you saw my stretch!

I also spent a great deal of time grooming my beautiful feathers with my beak in the winter as I wanted to keep the snow and ice off my body。Occasionally one of my feathers would come loose and float gracefully into the air。I would quickly gobble it up as they are an excellent source of protein and in the winter when food sources are scarce you need all of the nutrients you can get。I was so glad when the snow began to melt and I could finally see green grass once again!The weather warmed up quite quickly and I felt some powerful changes happening within my body。I felt a longing and urge to travel。This urge almost got me killed as I ended up crossing a very busy street where the cars went by so fast。I was exhausted and felt an incredible need to rest and crouched down right on the side of the road。Three human women stopped to see if I was alright and as I tried to cross the road again they went out into the road to stop traffic。I made it back safely across and returned to my old neighbourhood,but the yearning did not stop。

To be truthful,I was lonely and I wanted to be near other wild turkeys once again。My instincts told me that they were coming for you see in behind the residential area where I lived for the past 10 months was Malcolmson Eco Park。I realized that I didn't have to venture off too far to find a flock,that I only had to look in my own back yard,so to speak。Finally,on the Easter weekend I found them。It was a small group of 3 other female turkeys。It was so good to be around my own kind once again and I wanted to share all that I had learned with them,but I also wanted to see my old neighbourhood one last time。I walked down Croydon Drive on Easter Monday and stopped at a couple of the houses where I spend a great deal of my time。I heard one of the women call“Welcome back Edna。”and I answered her with a cluck and chirp but kept on moving as I couldn't wait to meet up with my new flock。I passed by the back of the houses two mornings later with my flock and heard another familiar voice call to me。I stopped and looked back remembering fondly the kindness that so many women in this neighbourhood had shown me,and then I moved onward with my three new friends。

We never know where our life experiences will take us and whom we will meet along the way。We wild turkeys have pretty good instincts and I think I can say with a great deal of confidence that I have enriched the lives of the humans that I have met。I hope that they will continue to look at wild animals with awe and reverence and realize that we too need a place to call home。I do not know where I'll go from here,but I know one thing for certain。I will always remember my experiences on Croydon Drive where I lost one flock and found another。

“等等我,求求你们,我跟不上——我还飞不了那么高呀!”我永远不会忘记,那天我说这些话的时候,感觉有多么的孤独,孑然一身。我眼睁睁地看着我的同类鸟群飞走,而我自己则孤零零地留在陌生的环境里自谋生路。那是2008年的春天发生的事情。说实话,一生中有几次我感到害怕极了,那就是其中的一次。现在,当我回想起当时发生的事情,我为有这样的经历而心存感激。原因是,那次的经历使我萌生了写这本书的念头,并通过这本书来讲述我的故事。

通常,野火鸡,比如我,总是和别的野火鸡一起生活在田间或者是森林地区。但是,正像我前面说过的那样,我被单独留在一个地方,现在我知道那地方叫做居民区。野火鸡多半不在居民区生活,因为那里是人类居住的地方,不是火鸡的地盘。跟大多数野生动物一样,我天性害怕人类,因为人类会捕杀我们。你知道,20世纪早期在北美洲,野火鸡被大量捕杀,几乎灭绝了。所以,你可以想象,为什么当时我孤零零地呆在人类的地盘上,会觉得那么可怕了。

我不顾一切地想要找到别的火鸡,所以当我看见这个用四条腿走路、看起来和人不一样的生灵的时候,我激动万分。我对这个动物很感兴趣,于是就在后面跟着她。当我跟着她走的时候,我注意到人类从他们的家里向外看着我,观察我。我心里产生了一个念头:我想这些人对我很感兴趣,正如我对这个新发现的动物很感兴趣一样。我看着这动物进了人的家,一会儿,我发现家里的三个人都站在窗边观察我。就是在那时,我觉得自己必须呆在这个陌生的地方,来了解更多关于人类的事,了解他们和我们的不同之处。

我跟随其后的那个生灵是一只猫。而且,和很多人一样,我发现猫是非常令人着迷的动物。我在周围行走的时候,总是会在人类的家里看见猫。我也会常常透过窗户向里注视,只是想要观察猫。我觉得猫对我也很感兴趣,我可以肯定这一点。每一次在户外看见猫,我都会跑上去,跟他们打招呼,向他们介绍自己。每一只猫的反应都不一样,有些猫被吓住了,而有些猫非常友好。人类的反应也是这样。

你可能已经知道,大多数鸟类是群居的,并通过群居的方式来学会所有需要掌握的生存本领。正是如此。可是,我没有别的野火鸡来教我这些需要知道的重要的本领。相反,由于我研究人类,我开始模仿他们的生活方式。虽然人类完全能够用腿从一个地方走到另一个地方,很多人却是开车到处走的。在想方设法多了解一些关于车的事的时候,我发现,或许可以把车作为我晚上睡觉的好地方。我喜欢这些有铁架子顶的车。后来我了解到有些人不愿意我睡在他们的车顶上,还会把我赶走。很快,我就搞清楚我在哪里受欢迎,在哪里不受欢迎。

我常常会假装在地上忙着啄食,假装在忙着做火鸡喜欢做的事,目的是更多地了解人类,更多地了解他们特别的地方,因为,他们的交谈会透露很多关于他们的事情。结果我了解到,很多人不愿意我在他们周围出现,原因是我不管是在哪里,总是想拉就拉,而他们不愿打扫,尤其是当我拉在他们车里时!直到今天,我都没有搞清楚到底人类拉不拉。尽管无数次向他们窗户里边看,我一次也没有看见过他们正在干这件事。我总能看见他们吃东西,睡觉,说话,还看见他们和猫一起玩,但从来没有看见他们拉。

人除了养猫和他们做伴之外,还在家里面养另外一种动物:狗。我曾经几次遇见狗,场面非常恐怖。特别是有一条狗,她把我彻底吓傻了。当时我正在草丛里忙着啄食,突然,不知从哪儿冒出来一条狗,向我跑过来。我都能感觉到她的牙齿在使劲地拽我身上的羽毛。虽然我在奋力地飞,也好像逃脱不掉。最终是一个小男孩制止住了这条狗,把她带走了。对我来说,这个时刻比那天我被单独留下更恐怖、更可怕。我站在车道上,失魂落魄,一动都不敢动,好像我的腿毁掉了。我想离开这个地区,永远都不再回来。可是随后我看见一些人的反应,意识到我还有很多需要了解。一个女人在跟我说话,问我是不是没事了。她的声音是那么地温柔。还有那个小姑娘就坐在我身旁,哭着。狗的绳子松开跑出来撒野的时候,就是她大声喊救命的。我抖抖精神,鼓足力气,找了个僻静的地方,来恢复体力和精神,还思考了很多。

夏天的那几个月里,我住在很多人的家里,从而慢慢地对我周围的人了解得多起来。我是一只野火鸡,跟大多数鸟类一样,在黄昏时就要睡觉。我碰到一家非常善良的人,他们允许我睡在他们车上。当人们带着自己的狗(狗的身上都拴着绳子,天啊)从我身边走过的时候,我能听见其中有些人在向我道晚安。还有一些人会停下来给我拍照,有些人还会放慢车速看看我。一天晚上,我睡得正香,有个人需要用车,然后我发现自己半夜里没有床了。白天,火鸡的视力非常好,可是一到晚上就什么也看不见,所以我辨认不出方向。一个女人走近我,我认不出她的脸,但是能听得出她的声音。她是那些总向我说晚安的人当中的一个。她努力地想让我跟她走,可我不这样做。于是她跑回家找人帮忙。过了一会儿,带来了一个小姑娘,就是那个把我从那条狗口里救下来的小姑娘。她们两个一起把我带到他们的车上,并且一直等着,等我上了车顶,又等到我再次睡着,才离开。

有了这样的经历,我渐渐意识到,车也许不是我睡觉的最佳选择。很明显,那个小姑娘也是这样想的,因为第二天晚上,她鼓励我睡在树上。她很聪明,头上戴着一顶帽子,这样她看起来就像是一只猫。她觉得,这样我就会跟她走了。她是对的。她站在一颗树的旁边,轻轻地叫我。到了树下,我停下脚步,抬头看看这棵树,马上就有点想家了。我飞身上了树,心里还在想,是不是附近某个地方的树上,有别的野火鸡在睡觉呢?后来连续三个晚上,我都是在这棵树上睡觉的。人们好像也为此很开心。我听见他们说睡在树上安全多了。

秋天到了,天气开始变冷,人类好像有点担心。他们好像更多地呆在室内。原因很明显,他们并不比野火鸡更能忍受这种寒冷的天气。有两个人商量后决定我需要一间屋子来保暖。他们带回家一个巨大的柳条箱。柳条箱有地板、三面墙,还有屋顶。可是我不愿意进去,所以他们决定改变一下。他们把柳条箱放在柱子上,这样位置就非常高,还放进去一个大树枝,当做我的栖息处,然后又在地板上放了一些草。我还是不愿进去。这引起了不小的争论,人们还不停地推测原因。有些人认为,火鸡担心会被其他动物捕杀,所以他们不会将自己置身于封闭的空间,只有一个出口可以逃生。有些人相信,那三面墙应该拆掉,或者屋顶应该掀掉。有些人不理解为什么我宁愿选择睡在栏杆、睡在花盆上,或是时不时地睡在车上,也不愿意睡在他们为我建好的屋里。说真话,我知道,如果我想要继续了解人类,就必须尽量地离他们近些。

我慢慢明白,在秋天里,人类会过两个节日。一个是感恩节,另一个是万圣节。在感恩节到来的那个周末,我从星期五就离开了经常呆的地方,直到后面那一周的周二才回来。这是因为我接受了戴着像猫一样的帽子的小姑娘的建议。我听到她在偷偷地对我说,她非常担心我的安全问题,原因是大多数人在感恩节的时候都会吃火鸡,这已经成了人类的传统。我想起我的祖先曾被人类捕杀,差一点灭绝的事,最后决定我还是离开的好。回来的时候,我能感觉到,有些人因为我安然无恙而放下了一直悬着的心。他们看见我回来,非常高兴。万圣节不像感恩节那样让我感到害怕,反而痛快地啄食了很多南瓜。

万圣节过去以后,冬天就来了。我觉得,冬天里,所有的生物都不好过。即使人类都有温暖的屋子可以住,他们也觉得冬天不好过。对野生动物来说,冬天里很难找到食物吃,保暖问题常常很难解决,特别是当温度降到很低、还有凛冽的寒风呼啸着的时候,一切就变得更难。有时我多希望我的同类就在我身边,有别的火鸡可以帮助我取暖啊。我知道,人们也是这么想的。我偶然听到两个女人的对话,说她们看见我冻得发抖,还看见我单脚跳来跳去来抵御寒冷,所以就在考虑邀请我到他们家里去。后来,她们在争论着,说我是野生动物了,说我自己知道怎么生存下去了,等等。我感觉他们开始担心我,就像他们担心自己的伴侣猫和伴侣狗一样。当然,冬天里我和猫的接触少得多,原因是猫不喜欢呆在寒冷的户外,这一点跟人一样。事实上,也不是所有的猫都有家,总有些猫游荡在街头,寻找食物吃,寻觅暖和的地方,很是让人感到心酸。正像有些人对我很好一样,也有人对无家可归的流浪猫很好,竭力想要帮助这些猫。

谢天谢地,冬天里,狗也不会在院子里呆那么长时间了。于是我就利用这个机会,大胆地飞到那个后院,就是春天追我的那只狗住的院子。我在那里住了整整一个星期,又了解了很多东西。你一定会想,到有那么吓人的狗住的院子里去,太鲁莽!可我知道没事,因为这里就是那个戴着像猫一样的帽子的小姑娘家的院子。她家里养了6只猫和那条疯狂的狗,家里还有4个只吃素食的人。我睡在正对着他们卧室的平台上,他们好像很高兴我在那儿。他们专注地观察我,我也一样专注地观察他们。也就是在那时,我产生了写这本书的念头。

众所周知,2009年的冬天特别地冷。下了很多的雪,有太多寒冷的日日夜夜,阳光少得可怜。虽然野火鸡能在雪中行走,我却宁愿从人类铲过雪的地方走。有些人甚至专门为我铲出一条路。到了该睡觉的时间,我总是想找到没有雪的地方来休息,可是那几乎找不到。于是在睡觉的时候我就把栖息处周围的雪吃掉,这样睡起来就舒服多了。每天早上,我从睡梦中醒来以后,总是先舒展一下身体。我会把两个翅膀伸到一边去,再把一条腿向后伸,只用一只脚来保持身体的平衡。然后,我再把两个翅膀伸到另一边去,用另一只脚来保持平衡。这样可以帮助我血液流通,从而全身热起来。真奇怪,我不经意间看到一个人在自己家里做跟我一样的动作。很明显,有些人练一种叫瑜伽的功夫,他们也跟我一样,舒展四肢,叫做Verabradsana。我私下认为,这个姿势应该叫做“优雅火鸡黎明舞”。如果你看见我舒展身体的样子,你也会这样想的!

冬天里,我还花很多时间用嘴来梳理我美丽的羽毛,因为我想把身上的雪和冰去掉。偶尔会有一片羽毛从我身上脱落,在空中优雅地飘着。我会迅速地一把抓住,因为羽毛都含有非常好的蛋白质。冬天,食物的来源少得可怜,所以你需要保留能够得到的一切营养成分。雪开始融化,又可以看见遍地的绿草了,我多高兴啊!天气很快就变暖,我都能感觉到身体内部正在发生巨大的变化。我想飞,渴望马上飞。这急切的愿望几乎置我于死地,因为我居然跑到了熙熙攘攘的大街上,车在大街上飞快地驶来驶去。我没有一丝力气,非常需要休息,就蜷曲在大路的一边。三个女人停下脚步,来看我怎么样了。一会儿我还想过马路,他们就走到大街正中央,让来来往往的车辆停下。我安全地过了大街,又回到那个熟悉的地区,但还是渴望着飞走。

说句心里话,我很孤独,仍然想要再次和其他野火鸡呆在一起。直觉告诉我,他们快要来了。原因是,在居住区后面,就是马尔科姆森生态公园,过去的十个月里我一直呆在这个居住区。我意识到,其实,我不需要冒险走很远去找别的野火鸡。也就是说,我只需要在居住区后面找。终于,复活节的那个周末,我找到了他们。仅仅是个小队伍,由三个母火鸡组成。重新回到自己同类的身边,感觉太好了。我急于想把我所了解到的东西都告诉他们,但我也想最后一次再看看我所熟悉的这个地方。星期一是复活节,我沿着克里登大道走着,并在两座房子前停下脚步,我曾经在那里呆了很长时间。我听见一个女人对我大声说“埃德娜,欢迎再回来!”我咯咯地叫着,来作为回答,但还是继续走着,因为我急不可待地想和我新找到的同类会面。两天后的早上,我们一起从那些房子后面飞过。我又听见一个熟悉的声音在叫我。我停下来,回头观望,想起住在这个地方的很多女人对我的关心,想起他们的善良,心情澎湃。然后又和三个新朋友一起继续飞。

我们从不知道生活经历会把我们带到哪里去,也不知道一路上将会遇到谁。我们野火鸡有着良好的直觉,我可以很有信心地说,我曾使我所遇到的人的生活更加丰富多彩。我希望,人类会继续用敬畏、崇敬的目光看待野生动物,并且认识到,我们也需要拥有一个可以叫做家的地方。我不知道离开这儿以后会到哪里去,但是我能确信一件事:我将会永远记住我在克里登大道这一段生活的经历。在那里,我失去自己的同类,却找到人类这个朋友。

鹦鹉学舌

Edna Byrd埃德娜·伯德

本文是动物权利的支持者Kristin Beach(克丽丝·比奇)以一只名叫Edna(埃德娜)的野火鸡的口吻写的。克丽丝·比奇一直积极倡导动物权利。

在这个有声有色的回忆录里,克丽丝·比奇讲述了她的野火鸡朋友、邻居埃德娜的生活和体会。回忆录是从埃德娜的角度写的。克丽丝·比奇说:“通过观察,我了解到很多东西。她整天游荡、啄食、想吃就吃,想吃什么就吃什么、探寻、梳理羽毛、和别的动物交往、跳火鸡舞,还舒展身体。她能够控制自己的生活,有能力做出正确的决定。这些都是我们反对养殖动物获取食物的理由。杀掉动物总是让我心碎。”

克丽丝·比奇长期以来都是Niagara Action for Animals(“尼亚加拉动物保护行动”)志愿者。她住在加拿大安大略湖旁边的圣凯瑟琳斯(加拿大安大略省东南部城市),家里人都是素食主义者,家里还有好几只伴侣动物。她希望这些邻居都像埃德娜一样精彩。

莺声燕语

Background Knowledge

感恩节火鸡的做法

材料:火鸡一只(约16磅)、香料束一把(含红萝卜、洋葱、芹菜、玉桂叶、百里香)200克、栗子300克、鸡肝和鸡胗450克、面包6片、鸡高汤一锅(做法:鸡骨头约2公斤,另加香料末束炖4小时后过滤)。

调味料:胡椒盐15克、红葱头25克、红酒60毫升、西红柿糊150克。

做法:1.鸡肝、栗子、面包片(切边,用80cc牛奶泡软)以红葱头炒香,加些鸡高汤焖至栗子煮烂后,放入百里香、红酒,以中火将汁液煮干即成馅料。2.西红柿糊及鸡高汤炖40分钟做成酱料,再加入鸡胗片即成火鸡酱汁。3.将火鸡洗净,腹内塞入香料束,填入馅料,外皮洒上胡椒盐,放入烤箱以350℃温度烤约90分钟(约于40分钟时取出,鸡身外包铝箔纸续烤)。4.红莓酱切成长3公分、厚0.5公分片状(约3克)。5.烤熟的火鸡取出放在装饰好的盘子中,淋上火鸡酱汁,并且搭配红酒即可食用。

牛角挂书

New Words

memoir n。自传;实录;回忆录;

disoriented adj。迷失方向的;脱离接触的

perch(禽鸟的)栖木;栖息处

speculation n。推测;思索;投机;投机买卖

hop vi(蛙、鸟等)齐足跳跃;齐足跳行;跳跃

例句:Gazelles often hop when running。瞪羚在奔跑时不时地齐足跳行。

vt。在……跳来跳去;使弹跳:

例句:He's used to hopping the ball between his hand and ground for several times before serving the ball。在发球前,他习惯于把球往地上拍几下。

tug vi。1.用力拉(或拖),拖曳(常与at 连用):

例句:The boy tugged at his mother's hand。男孩用力拉着妈妈的手。

She tugged at her friend's arm。她用力拽朋友的胳臂。

2.苦干;努力,尽力;挣扎:

例句:The farmer tugged all his life to make a living。这个农民终生为生活而劳碌。

T

猴老师有话说

est Yourself

Multiple Choice Questions

1.I was desperate……was so excited when I spotted this different looking creature that walked on four legs。

A。弄上污痕B。用点(或色点)装饰

C。擦拭掉D。发现,找到;认出

2.I would never catch them in the act。

A。偶然发现;偶然撞见B。捕获

C。抓住,握住D。截住

3.Halloween was……and I spent a great deal of time pecking at pumpkins。

A。啄;凿B。一点一点地吃

C。挑毛病D。连续敲击

4.Together they herded me to their car and……settled back down to sleep。

A。结交,交往B。牧放(牛、羊等)

C。把……放入群D。把……集中在一起

5.I would not go in it so they decided to renovate。

A。整修;翻修B。革新;更新

C。使恢复精力D。使振作

6.I also spent a great deal of time grooming my beautiful feathers……off my body。

A。培养,专门培训B。使整洁美观

C。梳刷(马、狗等)D。修饰

Keys:

1.D2.A3.A4.C5.A6.C

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