Some time during the early “nineties” the first roller process flourmills were brought to China by Fobes and company. The modernflour milling industry dates from 1897， when the late Mr. Sun Taosungbecame especially interested in the matter， being convinced thatflour made by machinery could be sold at better prices than nativeground flour. Hearing that American machinery was cheaper thanBritish， he sent his brother， Mr. Sun Tao-shing， with Mr. Yen Tschingas interpreter， to America. With G. ＄22， 000 a fully equippedAmerican plant was procured， and in 1899 the Fou Foong Flour Millwas organized. There were many difficulties at the beginning， but thesewere overcome and at the end of the first year the success of the newmill was assured.
The Fou Foong Mill had one rival in 1899， the China FlourMill company， established by some German merchants with Germanmachines. Owing to lack of support this enterprise resulted in a failure.
The success of the Fou Foong Mill encouraged others， and todayin Shanghai and vicinity there are 16 modern flour mills， with anThis information was courteously supplied by Mr. R. Y. F. Sun and Mr. A. F.
Ollerdessen.
aggregate daily producing capacity of 10，500 bags.
Silk Filatures
One of the most valuable of silk products exported from China israw white， steam filature silk. China"s steam filature silk realizes a betterprice than any other in the market， and that produced in Shanghai isconsidered better than that from Canton.
Among the oldest of the silk filatures in Shanghai is Jardine，Matheson and company"s Ewo Silk Filature， situated in ChengtuRoad. It was established in 1882 and has now about 500 bassines.
One of the principal silk filatures founded by Chinese capital isthe Sin Chong in Wuchow Road. At present there are in Shanghai over15 large steam filatures and several smaller ones.
The Kiangsu Chemical WorksAmong the first industrial establishments founded in Shanghaiwas the Kiangsu Chemical Works， started by the Major Brothers in theearly “sixties，” near the old stone bridge which crossed the SoochowCreek. In 1875 it was converted into a limited company， and newbuildings were erected some distance above the old premises. Greatcare was expended on the purchase of the most up-to-date plant， andthe whole equipment cost Tls. 230，000. There is a department for therefining of gold and silver， and sulphuric and nitric are manufactured.
Shipbuilding
The shipbuilding industry in Shanghai began at an early date. Wefind Boyd and company in 186 2 and then S. C. Farnham in 1865 。
These two companies united to form a new company known as theShanghai Engineering， Shipbuilding and Dock company， Limited. Thepresent name of the company， The Shanghai Dock and Engineeringcompany， Limited， was adopted in May， 1906. The company owns thePootung Engine Works， the Old Dock， the Cosmopolitan Dock， theInternational Dock， and the Tungkadoo Dock.
Other forms of industry followed in successive years and Shanghaigradually developed into a great manufacturing centre. Starting asa treaty port for trade， it became a city of factories， and the generalappearance of the place greatly changed in consequence.
The mills and factories were first built in the Yangtszepoo regionon the Whangpoo， and then， on the Soochow Creek. On the latterwaterway they now reach to several miles beyond Jessfield.
As the traveller enters the harbour of Woosung， his attention isattracted to the numerous high chimneys belching out their smoke，and he becomes conscious that he is nearing the great industrial port ofthe East.
Effects
It is impossible here to do more than refer briefly to the social andeconomic consequences of the an industrial revolution. Industry hasattracted a large number of labourers to Shanghai from different partsof the country. It has led to the gathering together of men， women，and children in the mills and factories， breaking down the old strictfamily life and customs， especially bringing women out of their formerseclusion. It has made the young girls wage-earners， adding to thefamily income， instead of being an economic burden.
The standard of living has tended to rise， as a result of the largerearning capacity of the families. It has brought about the formationof labour unions， and to the conflict between capital and labourwith which we are familiar in the West， resulting often in disastrousstrikes. Owing to the absence of factory laws at that time， many evilsdeveloped in connection with a cheap labour market， such as theemployment of young children， and the injury to life and health， butwe must postpone the consideration of these until a later chapter.
