Enough,Horace,of these mortuary musings.You loved the lesson of the roses,and now and again would speak somewhat like a death's head over your temperate cups of Sabine ordinaire.Your melancholy moral was but meant to heighten the joy of your pleasant life,when wearied Italy,after all her wars and civic bloodshed,had won a peaceful haven.The harbour might be treacherous;the prince might turn to the tyrant;far away on the wide Roman marches might be heard,as it were,the endless,ceaseless monotone of beating horses'hoofs and marching feet of men.They were coming,they were nearing,like footsteps heard on wool;there was a sound of multitudes and millions of barbarians,all the North,officina gentium,mustering and marshalling her peoples.But their coming was not to be to-day,nor to-morrow,nor to-day was the budding Empire to blossom into the blood-red flower of Nero.In the lull between the two tempests of Republic and Empire your odes sound "like linnets in the pauses of the wind."What joy there is in these songs!what delight of life,what an exquisite Hellenic grace of art,what a manly nature to endure,what tenderness and constancy of friendship,what a sense of all that is fair in the glittering stream,the music of the waterfall,the hum of bees,the silvery grey of the olive woods on the hillside!How human are all your verses,Horace!what a pleasure is yours in the straining poplars,swaying in the wind!what gladness you gain from the white crest of Soracte,beheld through the fluttering snowflakes while the logs are being piled higher on the hearth.You sing of women and wine--not all wholehearted in your praise of them,perhaps,for passion frightens you,and 'tis pleasure more than love that you commend to the young.Lydia and Glycera,and the others,are but passing guests of a heart at ease in itself,and happy enough when their facile reign is ended.You seem to me like a man who welcomes middle age,and is more glad than Sophocles was to "flee from these hard masters"the passions.In the fallow leisure of life you glance round contented,and find all very good save the need to leave all behind.Even that you take with an Italian good-humour,as the folk of your sunny country bear poverty and hunger.
Durum,sed levius fit patientia!
To them,to you,the loveliness of your land is,and was,a thing to live for.None of the Latin poets your fellows,or none but Virgil,seem to me to have known so well as you,Horace,how happy and fortunate a thing it was to be born in Italy.You do not say so,like your Virgil,in one splendid passage,numbering the glories of the land as a lover might count the perfections of his mistress.
But the sentiment is ever in your heart and often on your lips.
Me nec tam patiens Lacedaemon,Nec tam Larissae percussit campus opimae,Quam domus Albuneae resonantis Et praeceps Anio,ac Tiburni lucus,et uda Mobilibus pomaria rivis.{13}
So a poet should speak,and to every singer his own land should be dearest.Beautiful is Italy with the grave and delicate outlines of her sacred hills,her dark groves,her little cities perched like eyries on the crags,her rivers gliding under ancient walls;beautiful is Italy,her seas,and her suns:but dearer to me the long grey wave that bites the rock below the minster in the north;dearer are the barren moor and black peat-water swirling in tauny foam,and the scent of bog myrtle and the bloom of heather,and,watching over the lochs,the green round-shouldered hills.
In affection for your native land,Horace,certainly the pride in great Romans dead and gone made part,and you were,in all senses,a lover of your country,your country's heroes,your country's gods.
None but a patriot could have sung that ode on Regulus,who died,as our own hero died on an evil day,for the honour of Rome,as Gordon for the honour of England.
Fertur pudicae conjugis osculum,Parvosque natos,ut capitis minor,Ab se removisse,et virilem Torvus humi posuisse voltum:
Donec labantes consilio patres Firmaret auctor nunquam alias dato,Interque maerentes amicos Egregius properaret exul.
Atqui sciebat,quae sibi barbarus Tortor pararet:non aliter tamen Dimovit obstantes propinquos,Et populum reditus morantem,Quam si clientum longa negotia Dijudicata lite relinqueret,Tendens Venafranos in agros Aut Lacedaemonium Tarentum.{14}
We talk of the Greeks as your teachers.Your teachers they were,but that poem could only have been written by a Roman!The strength,the tenderness,the noble and monumental resolution and resignation--these are the gifts of the lords of human things,the masters of the world.
Your country's heroes are dear to you,Horace,but you did not sing them better than your country's Gods,the pious protecting spirits of the hearth,the farm,the field;kindly ghosts,it may be,of Latin fathers dead or Gods framed in the image of these.What you actually believed we know not,YOU knew not.Who knows what he believes?Parcus Deorum cultor you bowed not often,it may be,in the temples of the state religion and before the statues of the great Olympians;but the pure and pious worship of rustic tradition,the faith handed down by the homely elders,with THAT you never broke.Clean hands and a pure heart,these,with a sacred cake and shining grains of salt,you could offer to the Lares.It was a benignant religion,uniting old times and new,men living and men long dead and gone,in a kind of service and sacrifice solemn yet familiar.
Te nihil attinet Tentare multa caede bidentium Parvos coronantem marino Rore deos fragilique myrto.
Immunis aram si tetigit manus,Non sumptuosa blandior hostia Mellivit aversos Penates Farre pio et saliente mica,{15}
Farewell,dear Horace;farewell,thou wise and kindly heathen;of mortals the most human,the friend of my friends and of so many generations of men,Ave atque Vale!
